Articulation Disorder:

Articulation refers to how sounds are produced. Articulation addresses sound substitutions, omissions, additions or distortions. 

Children continue to develop sounds throughout childhood. Some articulation errors are considered developmental. A trained speech pathologist will tell you if your child’s articulation errors require intervention.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech:

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) occurs when the message being sent from your brain is incorrectly received by the muscles used to produce speech. These errors are often inconsistent from one moment to the next.

“Groping” of the mouth and tongue is a common characteristic because the individual is struggling to achieve the correct oral posture.

Language Disorder:

A Language Disorder refers to impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written and/or other symbol systems. Language includes vocabulary, grammar, understanding directions, comprehending stories, answering questions, and expressing ideas.

Phonological Disorder:

Phonology refers to patterns of speech production. These errors are always consistent. As a result of the number of errors, speech may be very difficult to understand. Speech therapy focuses on improving the entire sounds system.

Pragmatic/Social Language Disorder:

Pragmatic language refers to the social and functional aspects of language.

Fluency Disorder:

Stuttering is an interruption in the flow of speaking. Stuttering is characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and repetitions of sounds, syllables and words. Stuttering is often accompanied by excessive tension and a struggle to speak.

Cluttering is a fluency disorder that may present similarly to stuttering with repetitions and ‘getting stuck’ when talking. Individuals who clutter also often have difficulty organizing their ideas both during oral and written language.